Bhains paalan se sambandhit samany jaanakaariyaan
Bhains palan ka deyari udhyog me kaphi mahatv hai . Bhains aur videshi nasl ki gaayen jyaada maatra me doodh deti hain.Bharat me 55 pratishat doodh arthaat 20 miliyan tan doodh bhains paalan se milata hai. Bharat me teen tarah ki bhainsen milati hain, jinme muraha, mehsana aur surati pramukh hain. Muraha bhainson ki pramukh breed maani jaatee hai. Yah jyaadaatar hariyaana aur panjaab mein payi jati hai. Rajay sarakaaron ne bhi is nasal ki bhainson kee vistrit jaanakaaree kee hand book Agriculture research counsil india centar (bharat sarakar) ne jaari ki hai. Mehasana mixbreed hai. Yah gujarat tatha maharashtr mein payi jati hai. Is nasal ki bhains 1200 se 3500 liter doodh ek mahine mein deti hain. Surati inamen chhoti nasal ki bhains hai. Yah khade seengon vaalee bhains hai. Yah nasal bhi gujarat mein payi jati hai. Yah ek mahine mein 1600 se 1800 litre doodh deti hai.
Bhartiy graameen arthavyavastha mein bhains paalan kee mukhy bhoomika hai. Isaka prayog dugdh va maans utpaadan env khetee ke kaaryon mein hota hai. Aamataur par bhains vishv ke aise kshetron mein paayee jaatee hai jahaan khetee se praapt chaare evan charaagaah seemit maatra mein hain. Isee kaaran bhainson kee khilaari-pilaari mein nishkrsht chaaron ke saath kuchh hare chaare, krshi upotpaad, bhoosa, khal aadi ka prayog hota hai. Gaay kee apeksha bhains aise bhojan ka upayog karane mein adhik sakshm hai jinamen reshe kee maatra adhik hotee hai. Isake atirikt bhains gaayon kee apeksha vasa, kailshiyam, phaasphoras evan aproteen naitrojan ko bhee upayog karane mein adhik saksham hai. Jab bhains ko nishkrsht chaaron par rakha jaata hai to vah itana bhojan grahan nahin kar paatee jisase usake anurakshan badhavaar, janan, utpaad evan kaaryon kee aavashyakataon kee poorti ho sake. isee kaaran se bhainson mein aashaateet badhavaar nahin ho paatee aur unake pahalee baar byaane kee umr 3.5 se 4 varsh tak aatee hai. Agar bhainson kee bhalee prakaar dekhabhaal va khilaari-pilaari kee jaaye aur aavashyak poshak tatv upalabdh karavaaye jaayen to inakee pahalee baar byaane kee umr ko teen saal se kam kiya ja sakata hai aur utpaadan mein bhee badhotaree ho sakatee hai.
यह भी पढ़े :- गाय भैंस का दूध कैसे बढ़ाये
Poshan ka uddeshy
Shareer ko suchaaroo roop se kaary karane ke lie poshan kee aavashyakata hotee hai, jo use aahaar se praapt hota hai. pashu aahaar mein paaye jaane vaale vibhinn padaarth shareer kee vibhinn kriyaon mein is prakaar upayog mein aate hain.
- Pashu aahaar shareer ke taapamaan ko banaaye rakhane ke lie oorja pradaan karata hai.
- Yah shareer kee vibhinn upaapachayee kriyaon, shvaasochchhavaas, rakt pravaah aur samast shaareerik evan maanasik kriyaon hetu oorja pradaan karata hai.
- Yah shaareerik vikaas, garbhasth shishu kee vrddhi tatha doodh utpaadan aadi ke lie aavashyak poshak tatv pradaan karata hai.
- Yah koshikaon aur utakon kee toot-phoot, jo jeevan paryant hotee rahatee hai, kee marammat ke lie aavashyak saamagree pradaan karata hai.
Bhains paalan ke aahaar ke tatv
Raasaayanik sanrachana ke anusaar kaarbohaidret, vasa, proteen, vitaamin tatha khanij lavan bhojan ke pramukh tatv hain. deyaree pashu shaakaahaaree hote hain at: ye sabhee tatv unhen ped paudhon se, hare chaare ya sookhe chaare athava daane se praapt hote hain.
Kaarbohaidret – kaarbohaidret mukhyat: shareer ko oorja pradaan karate hain. isakee maatra pashuon ke chaare mein sabase adhik hotee hai . yah hara chaara, bhoosa, kadavee tatha sabhee anaajon se praapt hote hain.
Proteen – proteen shareer kee sanrachana ka ek pramukh tatv hai. yah pratyek koshika kee deevaaron tatha aantarik sanrachana ka pramukh avayav hai. shareer kee vrddhi, garbhasth shishu kee vrddhi tatha doodh utpaadan ke lie proteen aavashyak hotee hai. koshikaon kee toot-phoot kee marammat ke lie bhee proteen bahut jarooree hotee hai. pashu ko proteen mukhy roop se khal, daalon tatha phaleedaar chaare jaise baraseem, rijaka, lobiya, gvaar aadi se praapt hotee hai.
Vasa – paanee mein na ghulane vaale chikane padaarth jaise ghee, tel ityaadi vasa kahalaate hain. koshikaon kee sanrachana ke lie vasa ek aavashyak tatv hai. yah tvacha ke neeche ya any sthaanon par jama hokar, oorja ke bhandaar ke roop mein kaam aatee hai evam bhojan kee kamee ke dauraan upayog mein aatee hai. pashu ke aahaar mein lagabhag 3-5 pratishat vasa kee aavashyakata hotee hai jo use aasaanee se chaare aur daane se praapt ho jaatee hai. at: ise alag se dene kee aavashyakata nahin hotee. vasa ke mukhy srot – binaula, tilahan, soyaabeen va vibhinn prakaar kee khalen hain.
Vitaamin – shareer kee saamaany kriyaasheelata ke lie pashu ko vibhinn vitaaminon kee aavashyakata hotee hai. ye vitaamin use aamataur par hare chaare se paryaapt maatraaa mein upalabdh ho jaate hain. vitaamin ‘bee’ to pashu ke pet mein upasthit sookshm jeevaanuon dvaara paryaapt maatra mein sanshleshit hota hai. any vitaamin jaise e, see, dee, ri tatha ke, pashuon ko chaare aur daane dvaara mil jaate hain. vitaamin e kee kamee se bhainso mein garbhapaat, andhaapan, chamadee ka sookhaapan, bhookh kee kamee, garmee mein na aana tatha garbh ka na rookana aadi samasyaayen ho jaatee hain.
Khanij lavan- khanij lavan mukhyat: haddiyon tatha daanton kee rachana ke mukhy bhaag hain tatha doodh mein bhee kaaphee maatraaa mein sraavit hote hain. ye shareer ke enjaim aur vitaaminon ke nirmaan mein kaam aakar shareer kee kari mahatvapoorn kriyaon ko nishpaadit karate hain. inakee kamee se shareer mein kari prakaar kee beemaariyaan ho jaatee hain. kailshiyam, phosphoras, potaishiyam, sodiyam, kloreen, gandhak, maignishiyam, mainganeej, loha, taamba, jasta, kobaalt, aayodeen, seleniyam ityaadi shareer ke lie aavashyak pramukh lavan hain. doodh utpaadan kee avastha mein bhains ko kailshiyam tatha phaasphoras kee adhik aavashyakata hotee hai. prasooti kaal mein isakee kamee se dugdh jvar ho jaata hai tatha baad kee avasthaon mein doodh utpaadan ghat jaata hai evam prajanan dar mein bhee kamee aatee hai. kailshiyam kee kamee ke kaaran gaabhin bhainsen phool dikhaatee hain. kyonki chaare mein upasthit khanij lavan bhains kee aavashyakataon kee poorti nahin kar paate, isalie khanij lavanon ko alag se khilaana aavashyak hai.
यह भी पढ़े :- अच्छे दुधारू पशु की पहचान कैसे करें
Bhains paalan ke lie aahaar kee visheshata :
- Aahaar santulit hona chaahie. isake lie daana mishran mein proteen tatha oorja ke sroton evam khanij lavanon ka samuchit samaavesh hona chaahie.
- Yah sasta hona chaahie.
- Aahaar svaadisht va paushtik hona chaahie. isamen durgandh nahin aanee chaahie.
- Daana mishran mein adhik se adhik prakaar ke daane aur khalon ko milaana chaahiye. isase daana mishran kee gunavatta tatha svaad donon mein badhotaree hotee hai.
- Aahaar supaachy hona chaahie. kabj karane vaale ya dast karane vaale chaare/ko nahin khilaana chaahie.
- Bhains ko bharapet chaara khilaana chaahie. bhaison ka pet kaaphee bada hota hai aur pet poora bharane par hee unhen santushti milatee hai. pet khaalee rahane par vah mittee, chithade va any akhaady evan gandee cheejen khaana shuroo kar detee hai jisase pet bhar kar vah santushti ka anubhav kar saken.
- Umr va doodh utpaadan ke hisaab se pratyek bhains ko alag-alag khilaana chaahie taaki jaroorat ke anusaar unhen apanee pooree khuraak mil sake.
- Bhains paalan ke aahaar mein hare chaare kee maatraaa adhik honee chaahie.
- Bhains paalan ke aahaar ko achaanak nahin badalana chaahie. yadi kori badalaav karana pade to pahale vaale aahaar ke saath milaakar dheere-dheere aahaar mein badalaav karen.
- Bhains ko khilaane ka samay nishchit rakhen. isamen baar-baar badalaav na karen. aahaar khilaane ka samay aisa rakhen jisase bhains adhik samay tak bhookhee na rahe.
- Daana mishran theek prakaar se pisa hona chaahie. yadi saabut daane ya usake kan gobar mein dikhaari den to yah is baat ko ingit karata hai ki daana mishran theek prakaar se pisa nahin hai tatha yah bagair paachan kriya poorn hue baahar nikal raha hai. parantu yah bhee dhyaan rahe ki daana mishran bahut baareek bhee na pisa ho. khilaane se pahale daana mishran ko bhigone se vah supaachy tatha svaadisht ho jaata hai.
- Daana mishran ko chaare ke saath achchhee tarah milaakar khilaane se kam gunavatta va kam svaad vaale chaare kee bhee khapat badh jaatee hai. isake kaaran chaare kee barabaadee mein bhee kamee aatee hai. kyonki bhains chun-chun kar khaane kee aadat ke kaaran bahut saara chaara barabaad karatee hai.
यह भी पढ़े :- पशु को खरीदते समय उसकी उम्र कैसे पता करें
Bhains paalan ke liye aahaar srot
Bhaison ke lie upalabdh khaady saamagree ko ham do bhaagon mein baant sakate hain – chaara aur daana . chaare mein resheyukt tatvon kee maatra shushk bhaar ke aadhaar par 18 pratishat se adhik hotee hai tatha samast pachaneey tatvon kee maatra 60 pratishat se kam hotee hai. isake vipareet daane mein resheyukt tatvon kee maatra 18 pratishat se kam tatha samast pachaneey tatvon kee maatra 60 pratishat se adhik hotee hai.
Chaara – namee ke aadhaar par chaare ko do bhaagon mein baanta ja sakata hai – sookha chaara aur haraachaara
Sookha chaara : chaare mein namee kee maatra yadi 10-12 pratishat se kam hai to yah sookhe chaare kee shrenee mein aata hai. isamen gehoon ka bhoosa, dhaan ka puaal va jvaar, baajara evan makka kee kadavee aatee hai. inakee ganana ghatiya chaare ke roop mein kee jaatee hai.
Hara chaara : chaare mein namee kee maatra yadi 60-80 pratishat ho to ise hara/raseela chaara kahate hain. pashuon ke liye hara chaara do prakaar ka hota hai dalahanee tatha bina daal vaala. dalahanee chaare mein baraseem, rijaka, gvaar, lobiya aadi aate hain. dalahanee chaare mein proteen kee maatra adhik hotee hai. at: ye atyaadhik paushtik tatha uttam gunavatta vaale hote hain. bina daal vaale chaare mein jvaar, baajara, makka, jari, agola tatha haree ghaas aadi aate hain. dalahanee chaare kee apeksha inamen proteen kee maatraaa kam hotee hai. at: ye kam paushtik hote hain. inakee ganana madhyam chaare ke roop mein kee jaatee hai.
Daana : pashuon ke lie upalabdh khaady padaarthon ko ham do bhaagon mein baant sakate hain – proteen yukt aur oorjaayukt khaady padaarth. proteen yukt khaady padaathor mein tilahan, dalahan va unakee chooree aur sabhee khalen, jaise sarason kee khal, binaule kee khal, moongaphalee kee khal, soyaabeen kee khal, soorajamukhee kee khal aadi aate hain. inamen proteen kee maatra 18 pratishat se adhik hotee hai.
Oorjaayukt daane mein sabhee prakaar ke anaaj, jaise gehoon, jvaar, baajara, makka, jari, jau tatha gehoon, makka va dhaan ka chokar, chaaval kee polis, chaaval kee kinkee, gud tatha sheera aadi aate hain. inamen proteen kee maatra 18 pratishat se kam hotee hai.
Santulit aahaar
Santulit aahaar us bhojan saamagree ko kahate hain jo kisee vishesh pashu kee 24 ghante kee nirdhaarit paushaanik aavashyakataon kee poorti karata hai. Santulit raashan mein kaarban, vasa aur proteen ke aapasee vishesh anupaat ke lie kaha gaya hai. Santulit raashan mein mishran ke vibhin padaathor kee maatra mausam aur pashu bhaar tatha usakee utpaadan kshamata ke anusaar rakhee jaatee hai. Ek raashan kee paribhaasha is prakaar kee ja sakatee hai ‘ek bhains 24 ghante mein jitana bhojan antagrahan karatee hai, vah raashan kahalaata hai.deyaree raashan ya to santulit hoga ya asantulit hoga. asantulit raashan vah hota hai joki bhains ko 24 ghanton mein jitane poshak tatvon kee aavashyakata hotee hai vah dene mein asaphal rahata hai jabaki santulit raashan ‘theek’ bhains ko ‘theek’ samay par ‘theek’ maatra mein poshak tatv pradaan karata hai. santulit aahaar mein proteen, kaarbohaaridret, minarals tatha vitaaminon kee maatra pashu kee aavashyakata anusaar uchit maatra mein rakhee jaatee hai|bhains ko jo aahaar khilaaya jaata hai, usamen yah baat dhyaan mein rakhanee chaahie ki use jaroorat ke anusaar shushk padaarth, paachak proteen tatha kul paachak tatv upalabdh ho saken. bhains mein shushk padaarth kee khapat pratidin 2.5 se 3.0 kilograam prati 100 kilograam shareer bhaar ke anusaar hotee hai. isaka taatpary yah hua ki 400 kilograam vajan kee bhains ko rojaana 10-12 kilograam shushk padaarth kee aavashyakata padatee hai. is shushk padaarth ko ham chaare aur daane mein vibhaajit karen to shushk padaarth ka lagabhag ek tihaari hissa daane ke roop mein khilaana chaahie.
Utpaadan va any aavashyakataon ke anusaar jab ham paachak proteen aur kul paachak tatvon kee maatra nikaalate hain to yah ganana kaaphee kathin ho jaatee hai. Isaka ek pramukh kaaran yah hai ki jo chaara pashu ko khilaaya jaata hai usamen paachak proteen aur kul paachak tatvon kee maatra gyaat karana kisaan ke lie lagabhag asambhav hai. aisa isalie hai ki paachak proteen aur kul paachak tatvon kee maatra pratyek chaare ke lie alag hotee hai. Yah chaare kee umr/paripakvata ke anusaar badal jaatee hai. Anek baar upalabdhata ke aadhaar par kari prakaar ka chaara ek saath milaakar khilaana padata hai. kisaan chaare ko kabhee bhee tolakar nahin khilaata hai. in paristhitiyon mein sabase aasaan tareeka yah hai ki kisaan dvaara khilaaye jaane vaale chaare kee ganana yah maan kar kee jaaye kee pashu ko chaara bharapet milata rahe. Ab pashu kee jaroorat ke anusaar paachak proteen aur kul paachak tatvon mein kamee kee maatra ko daana mishran dekar poora kar diya jaata hai. Is prakaar bhains ko khilaaya gaya aahaar santulit ho jaata hai.
Bhains paalan ke santulit daana mishran kaise banaayen ?
Pashuon ke daana mishran mein kaam aane vaale padaarthon ka naam jaan lena hee kaaphee nahee hai. Kyonki yah gyaan pashuon ka raashan parikalan karane ke lie kaaphee nahee hai. Ek pashupaalak ko is se praapt hone vaale paachak tatvon jaise kachchee proteen, kul paachak tatv aur chayaapachayee urja ka bhee gyaan hona aavashyak hai. Tabhee bhojy mein paaye jaane vaale tatvon ke aadhaar par santulit daana mishran banaane mein sahasayata mil sakegee. neeche likhe gaye kisee bhee ek tareeke se yah daana mishran banaaya ja sakata hai, parantu yah is par bhee nirbhar karata hai ki kaun see cheej sastee va aasaanee se upalabdh hai.
makka/jau/jari : 40 kilo maatra
binaule kee khal : 16 kilo
moongaphalee kee khal :15 kilo
gehoon kee chokar : 24 kilo
chileted gromin phort : 2 kilo
imyoon bustar : 1 kilo
saadhaaran namak : 1 kilo
kul : 100 kilo
bhains kee aahaar banaane kee tareeka nambar – 2.
jau : 30 kilo
sarason kee khal : 25 kilo
binaule kee khal : 22 kilo
gehoon kee chokar : 19 kilo
chileted gromin phort : 2 kilo
imyoon bustar : 1 kilo
saadhaaran namak : 1 kilo
kul : 100 kilo
bhains kee aahaar banaane kee tareeka nambar – 3.
makka ya jau : 40 kilo maatra
moongaphalee kee khal : 20 kilo
daalon kee chooree : 16 kilo
chaaval kee paalish : 20 kilo
chileted gromin phort : 2 kilo
imyoon bustar : 1 kilo
saadhaaran namak : 1 kilo
kul : 100 kilo
bhains kee aahaar banaane kee tareeka nambar – 4.
gehoon : 32 kilo maatra
sarason kee khal : 10 kilo
moongaphalee kee khal : 10 kilo
binaule kee khal : 10 kilo
daalon kee chooree : 10 kilo
chaukar : 24 kilo
chileted gromin phort : 2 kilo
imyoon bustar : 1 kilo
namak : 1 kilo
kul :100 kilo
bhains kee aahaar banaane kee tareeka nambar – 5.
gehoon, jau ya baajara : 20 kilo maatra
binaule kee khal : 27 kilo
daane ya chane kee chooree : 15 kilo
binaula : 14 kilo
aate kee chokar : 20 kilo
chileted gromin phort: 2 kilo
imyoon bustar : 1 kilo
namak : 1 kilo
kul : 100 kilo
Oopar diya gaya kori bhee santulit aahaar bhoose ke saath saanee karake bhee khilaaya ja sakata hai. isake saath kam se kam 45 kilo hara chaara dena aavashyak hai.
Daana mishran ke gun va laabh :
- Yah svaadisht va paushtik hai.
- Jyaada paachak hai.
- Akele khal, binaula ya chane se yah sasta padata hain.
- Pashuon ka svaasthy theek rakhata hai.
- Beemaaree se bachane kee kshamata pradaan karata hain.
- Doodh va ghee mein bhee badhautaree karata hai.
- Bhains byaant nahin maaratee.
- Bhains adhik samay tak doodh dete hain.
- Katade ya katadiyon ko jald yauvan pradaan karata hai.
Shareerakee dekhabhaal ke lie:
Gaay ke lie 5 kilo pratidin va bhains ke lie 2 kilo pratidin
Dudhaaroopashuon ke lie:
Gaayapratyek 5 leetar doodh ke peechhe 1 kilo daana
Bhainsapratyek 2 leetar doodh ke peechhe 1 kilo daana
Gaabhinagaay ya bhains ke lie:
6maheene se oopar kee gaabhin gaay ya bhains ko 1 se 5 kilo daana pratidin phaalatoo dena chaahie.
Bachhadeya bachhadiyon ke lie:
1kilo se 5 kilo tak daana pratidin unakee umr ya vajan ke anusaar dena chaahie.
Bailon ke lie:
Khetommen kaam karane vaale bhainson ke lie 2 se 5 kilo pratidin
binaakaam karane vaale bailon ke lie 1 kilo pratidin.
Not : Jab hara chaara paryaapt maatra mein upalabdh ho to uparalikhit kul dey daana 1/2 se 1 kilo tak ghataaya ja sakata hai.
Is post humne bhains palan se sambandhit kuchh samany jankario ko jana. Isi parkar ki anay post ke liye aap bane rahiye hamare sath.
Is post humne bhains palan se sambandhit kuchh samany jankario ko jana. Isi parkar ki anay post ke liye aap bane rahiye hamare sath.