Parichay
Pichhale kuchh varsho mein peshe ke roop mein khetee ke
prati kisaanon ka aakarshan kam ho raha hai, isake lie anek kaaran jimmedaar
hain. unamen se sabase mahatvapoorn hai- krshi utpaadon kee keemat mein
anishchitata aur krshi aadaanon kee tejee se badhatee laagat, bhoojal star mein
giraavat ke kaaran sunishchit sinchaee upalabdh nahin ho rahee hai,
phalasvaroop krshi aur kisaan kee mushkilen aur badh gaee hai, yahee kaaran hai
ki kisee samay krshi kee drshti se vikasit maane jaane vaale aandhr pradesh, mahaaraashtr,
karnaatak aur keral ke kaaphee bade bhaag mein kisaan sankat mein hain| anake
samitiyaan ne is samasya ke mool kaaranon ko jaanane kee koshish kee hai aur
kisaanon ke lie aay srjan ke vaikalpik avasar upalabdh karaane ke sujhaav die
hai, aise sankatagrast kisaanon ke lie pashupaalan ek achchha vikalp hai|
pashuon ke ke vaigyaanik prabandhan mein gunavattaaparak chaare kee upalabdhata
pramukh baadha hai, kyonki bhaarat ka bhaugolik kshetr vishv ka 2.4% hai jabaki
vishv ke 11% pashu bhaarat mein hai, yahaan vishv kee 55% bhainse, 20%
bakariyaan aur 16% maveshee pae jaate hain, isase hamaaree praakrtik
vanaspatiyon par bahut jyaada bojh pad raha hai|
Ab tak ajola ka istemaal mukhyat: dhaan mein haree khaad ke
roop se kiya jaata tha, isamen chhote kisaanon hetu pashupaalan ke lie chaare
hetu badhatee maang ko poora karane kee jabarajast kshamata hai.
Ajola
ke baare mein
Ajola samasheetoshn jalavaayu mein
paaya jaane vaala jaleey pharn hai, jo dhaan kee khetee ke lie upayogee hota
hai| pharn paanee par ek hare rang kee parat jaisa dikhata hai| is pharn ke
nichale bhaag mein simboint ke roop mein bloo green elgee sayaanobaikteeriya
paaya jaata hai, jo vaayumandaleey naitrojan ko parivartit karata hai| isakee
naitrojan ko parivartit karane kee dar lagabhag 25 kilograam prati hektar hotee
hai|
Haree khaad ke roop mein, ajola ko paanee se bhare hue khet
mein do se teen saptaah ke lie akele ugaaya jaata hai, baad mein, paanee baahar
nikaal diya jaata hai aur ajola pharn ko dhaan kee ropaee se pahale khet mein
milaaya jaata hai ya dhaan kee ropaee ke ek saptaah baad, paanee se bhare khet
mein 4-5 kvintal taaja ajola chhidak diya jaata hai| sookhe ajola ko poltree
pheed ke roop mein bhee istemaal kiya ja sakata hai aur har ajola machhalee ke
lie bhee ek achchha aahaar hai| ise jaivik khaad, machchhar se bachaane vaalee
kreem, salaad taiyaar karane aur sabase badhakar baayo-skvenjar ke roop mein
istemaal kiya ja sakata hai kyonki yah sabhee bhaaree dhaatuon ko hata deta hai.
Ajola ke laabh
- Ajola jangal mein aasaanee se ugata hai| lekin niyantrit
vaataavaran mein bhee ugaaya ja sakata hai|
- isaka bade paimaane par utpaadan kiya ja sakata hai aur
khareeph aur rabee donon mausamon mein haree khaad ke roop mein istemaal kiya
ja sakata hai|
- yah vaayoomandaleey kaarban daioksaid aur naitrojan ko
kramash: kaarbohaidret aur amoniya mein badal sakata hai aur apaghatan ke baad,
phasal ko naitrojan upalabdh karavaata hai tatha mittee mein jaivik kaarban
saamagree upalabdh karavaata hain|
- okseejenik prakaash sanshleshan mein utpann okseejan phasalonkee jad pranaalee aur mittee mein upalabdh any sookshmajeevon ko shvasan mein
madad karata hai|
- yah jed en, eph i aur em en ko parivartit karata hai aur
dhaan ko upalabdh karavaata hai|
- dhaan ke khet mein ajola chhotee – motee kharapatavaar jaise
chaara aur nitela ko bhee daba deta hai|
- ajola plaant groth reguletar aur vitaamin chhodata hai, jo
dhaan ke paudhon ke vikaas mein sahaayak hote hain|
- ajola ek seema tak raasaayanik naitrojan urvarakon (20
kigra/hekteyar) ke vikalp ka kaam kar sakata hai aur yah phasal kee upaj aur
gunavatta badhaata hai|
- yah raasaayanik urvarakon ke upayog kee kshamata ko badhaata
hai|
- yah dhaan ke sinchit khet se vaashpeekaran kee dar ko kam
karata hai.
Ajola kee poshan kshamata
Ajola mein proteen (25%-35%), kailshiyam (67
mileegraam/100 graam) aur lauh (7.3 milee graam/ 100 graam) bahutaayat mein
paaya jaata hai| ajola aur any chaare ke poshak tatvon ka tulanaatmak
vishleshan nimnalikhit taalika mein diya jaata hai.
No.
Mad
Baayomaas
ka vaarshik utpaadan (mitrik tan/ hekteyar)
Shushk
padaarth (mitrik tan/hekteyar)
Proteen (%)
1.
Hybrid nepiyar
250
50
4
2.
Kolaakatato ghaas
40
8
0.8
3.
Lyukraine
80
16
3.2
4.
Kooopee
35
7
1.4
5.
Subaabul
80
16
3.2
6.
Soragham
40
3.2
0.6
7.
Ajola
1000
80
24
Chhote aur
seemaant kisaan khetee ke kaam ke alaava saamaanyat: 2-3 bhains paal sakate
hain| pashupaalan ke paaramparik tareekon se kisaan chaare kee aavashyakataon
kee poorti phasalee chaare se kee jaatee hain aur bahut kam kisaan hai, jo jara
chaara aur khalee/pashu aahaar ka kharch vahan kar sakate hain| bahut hee kam
maamalon mein, pashuon ke lie khetee se ghaas ekatr kee jaatee hai ya
baikayaard mein hara chaara ugaaya jaata hai| sinchaee ke lie paanee upalabdh
hone par bhee hare chaare kee aapoorti 5 se 6 maheene ke lie ho paatee hai|
yadi chhote kisaan ajola chaara ugaate hai, to varsh ke shesh bhaag ke lie
chaare kee aavashyakataon ko poora kiya ja sakata hain| prati pashu 2-2.5 kilo
ajola niyamit roop se diya ja sakata hai| jo poorak pashu aahaar ka kam kar
sakata hai|
Yadi ajola ko chaare ke lie ugaaya jaata hai, to ise anivaary
roop se svachchh vaataavaran mein ugaaya jaana aavashyak hai aur saalabhar
niyamit aapoorti sunishchit kee jaanee chaahie| chaara plaat adhimaanat: ghar
ke paas hona chaahie taaki parivaar kee mahila sadasy inakee dekharekh aur rakh
rakhaav kar sake.
khetee kee prakriya
praakrtik vaataavaran mein chaaval ke khet mein
baayomaas ka utpaadan keval 50 graam/varg meetar/din hota hai, jabaki adhikatam
utpaadan 400 graam/varg meetar/din hota hai| any shaivaal ke saath sankraman
aur pratispardha ko kam karake utpaadan kshamata mein vrddhi kee ja sakatee
hai| adhimaanat: khulee jagah mein ya jahaan soory ka paryaapt prakaash
upalabdh ho, chhat ho, aangan/baikayaard mein khadda khodakar usamen sinthetik
poleethin sheet kee laining lagaakar adhik maatra mein ajola ugaaya ja sakata
hai|
yaddhapi, ajola ka narsaree plaat mein achchha
utpaadan hota hai lekin dhan ke kheton mein haree khaad ke roop mein ajola ka
utpaadan karane ke lie, ise dhaan ke khet ke ke 10% kshetr ke ghere mein ugaaya
jaata hai| khet mein paanee bhara jaata hai aur khet ko baraabar kiya jaata
hai, taaki khet mein paanee sabhee jagah baraabar maatra mein ho| ajola
inokoolam khet mein chhidaka jaata hai aur prati ekad 45 kilo singal supar
phaasphet daala jaata hai| ajola kee khetee ke lie istemaal kee gaee bhoomi
vyarth nahin jaatee hai kyonki dhaan kee phasal mein (ropan ke chaar dinon ke
baad) ajola chhidakane ke baad, is jameen ko dhaan kee khetee karane ke lie
istemaal kiya ja sakata hai|
machhalee aahaar ke lie ugaaya jaane vaala ajola
taalaab ke bagal mein ugaaya jaata hai| taalaab ka ek hissa isake lie
nirdhaarit kiya jaata hai aur ghaas se banee rassee se ghera banaaya jaata hai|
ajola kee chataee ka banane ke baad, ise rassee hataakar dheere-dheere taalaab
mein chhod diya jaata hai|
ajola chaara ugaane ke lie kisee vishesh
visheshagyata kee jaroorat nahin hotee hai aur kisaan khud hee aasaanee se uga
sakate hain| yadi ajola baikayaard mein ugaaya hai, to ise kshetr ko samatal
kiya jaata hai aur chaaron or eenten khadee karake divaar banaee jaatee hai|
kyaaree ke chaaron or thodee oonchee divaar banaanee hogee taaki usamen paanee
thahar sake| ya chaare ka plaat 0.2 meetar gahare gaddhe mein banaaya ja sakata
hai| kyaaree mein ek poleetheen sheet is tarah se bichha dee jaatee hai, taaki
usamen 10 semee paanee ka star bana rahe| kyaaree kee chaudaee 1.5 meetar
rakhate hain, taaki donon taraph se kaam kiya ja sake| chaare kee aavashyakata
ke aadhaar par kyaaree kee lambaee alag-alag rakhee ja sakatee hai| lagabhag 8
varg meetar kshetr kee do kyaaree. jinakee lambaee 2.5 meetar ho, se do gaay ke
lie hare chaare kee 50% jaroorat pooree ho sakatee hain|
2.5 meetar ×1.5 meetar kee kyaaree taiyaar
karane ke baad, kyaaree mein 15 kilo chhaanee huee mittee phaila dee hai, jo
ajola ko poshak tatv pradaan karegee| lagabhag 5 kilo gaay ke gobar (sadane ke
poorv ke 2 din ka) ko paanee mein mila diya jaata hai jisase ajola ko kaarban
praapt hoga| 10 kilo rok phaasphet, 1.5 kilo maignishiyam naam aur 500 graam
potaash kee myooret ke mishran se bana lagabhag 40 graam poshak tatv mishran
ajola kee kyaaree mein daala jaata hai| is mishran mein vanchhit maatra mein
sookshm poshak tatv bhee daale jaate hai| isase na keval ajola kee sookshm
poshak tatvon kee aavashyakata pooree hogee balki ise khaane par pashuon kee
sookshm poshak tatvon kee jaroorat bhee pooree ho sakegee| kyaaree mein 10
semee ke jal star ko banae rakhane ke lie paryaapt maatra mein paanee daala
jaata hai|
vaigyaanik aur satat aadhaar par lambe samay ke
lie ajola ka utpaadan karane hetu 2 meetar lambe, ek meetar chaude aur 0.5
meetar gahare seement kankreet ke taink kee aavashyakata hotee hai| taink ka
nirmaan saavadhaaneepoorvak kiya jaana chaahie taaki taink mein paanee bhara
rah sake| 25 varg meetar kshetr mein das ya adhik tainkon ka nirmaan kiya ja
sakata hai| taink ko leaut tasveer mein dikhaaya gaya hai| pratyek taink ke lie
paanee kee vyavastha karane ke lie oopar rakhee huee tankee se paip aur nal
lagaaya jaana chaahie|
taink mein samaan roop se mittee daal denee
chaahie| mittee kee parat 10 semee gaharee hone chaahie| taink mein gaay ka
gobar 1 se 1.5 kilo prati varg meetar kee dar se (prati taink 2 se 3 kilo gaay
ka gobar) daalana chaahie| taink mein har haphte prati varg meetar 5 graam kee
dar se singal supar phaasphet (esesapee) daalana chaahie (prati taink 10 graam
esesapee)| taink mein mittee se 10 se 15 semi kee oonchaee tak paanee daalana
chaahie| mittee ko achchhe se jama dena chaahie| keet sankraman se bachaav ke
lie 2 graam kaarbophuran mila kar taaja ajola inokoolam taiyaar karen| paanee
kee satah par nirmit phom aur skam kee parat ko hata den| agale din, paanee kee
satah par lagabhag 200 graam taaja ajola inokoolam chhidak den| paanee kee
satah par ajola kee parat banane mein 2 saptaah ka samay lagata hai| taink mein
paanee ka star, visheshakar garmiyon ke dauraan, banae rakha jaana chaahie|
jyaada prakaash ko rokane ke lie taink par naariyal ke patton kee shed/chhappar
bana dena chaahie| isase sardiyon ke dauraan ajola par os bhee nahin jamatee
hai|
ajola kyaaree mein paanee ko achchhe se hilaane
ke baad ajola kee madar narsaree se ajola ka 1.5 kilo beej kyaaree mein
baraabar maatra mein chhidak dena chaahie| ajola beej ke srot ke baare mein
saavadhaanee baratanee chaahie|
praarambh mein, ajola pooree kyaaree mein fail
jaata hai aur saath dinon ke ek motee parat ka aakaar le leta hai| aadarsh roop
mein yah saat dinon ke bheetar 10 kilo kaajol ka utpaadan kar deta hai| shuroo
ke saat dinon ke daroon, ajola ka prayog nahin kiya jaata hai| har roj paanee
daalakar jal star banae rakha jaata hai| saat din baad, har din 1.5 kilo ajola
prayog karane ke lie nikaal sakate hai| chhalanee se ajola plaastik kee tre
mein ekatr kiya jaana chaahie| is ajola ko maveshiyon ko khilaane se poorv
taaja paanee mein dhona chaahie| gobar kee gandh ko door karane ke lie ise
dhona aavashyak hai| ajola kee dhulaee mein prayukt paanee ko ped – paudhon ke
lie jaivik khaad ke roop mein istemaal kiya ja sakata hai| ajola aur pashu
aahaar ko 1:1 anupaat mein milaakar pashuon ko khilaaya jaata hai.
Ajola se hatae gae gaay ke gobar
aur khanij mishran kee poorti ke lie, ajola kyaaree mein kam se kam saat dinon
mein ek baar gaay ka gobar khanij mishran daalana chaahie| ajola kyaaree mein
gaay ke gobar, khanij mishran saat din mein ek baar jaroor daalana chaahie|
Har 60 dino ke baad, ajola kyaaree se puraanee mittee hata
dee jaatee aur 15 kilo naee upajaoo mittee daalee jaatee hai taaki kyaaree mein
naitrojan nirmaan se bacha ja sake aur ajola ko poshak tatv upalabdh hote rahe|
mittee aur paanee nikaalane ke baad, kam se kam chhah maheene mein ek baar
pooree prakriya ko nae sire se doharaate hue ajola kee khetee kee jaanee
chaahie.
Saavadhaaniyaan
- Achchhee upaj ke lie sankraman se mukt vaataavaran ka rakhana
aavashyak hai|
- Jyaada bheedabhaad se bachane ke lie ajola ko niyamit roop se
kaatana chaahie|
- Achchhee vrddhi ke lie taapamaan mahatvapoorn kaarak hai|
lagabhag 35 digree selsiyas taapamaan hona chaahie| thande kshetron mein thande
mausam ke prabhaav ko kam karane ke lie, chaara kyaaree ko plaastik kee sheet
se dhak dena chaahie|
- Seedhee aur paryaapt sooraj kee roshanee vaale sthaan ko
praathamikata dee jaanee chaahie| chhaaya vaalee jagah mein paidaavaar kam
hotee hai|
- Maadhyam ka peeech 5.5 ke beech 7 hona chaahie|
- Upayukt poshak tatv jaise gobar ka ghol, sookshm poshak tatv
aavashyakataanusaar daalate rahane chaahie.
To aapko hamari ye jankari kesi lagi. Kripya niche comment me jarur bataiyega.
Ajola Chare Ki Kheti kese kare
Haree khaad ke roop mein, ajola ko paanee se bhare hue khet mein do se teen saptaah ke lie akele ugaaya jaata hai, baad mein, paanee baahar nikaal diya jaata hai aur ajola pharn ko dhaan kee ropaee se pahale khet mein milaaya jaata hai ya dhaan kee ropaee ke ek saptaah baad, paanee se bhare khet mein 4-5 kvintal taaja ajola chhidak diya jaata hai| sookhe ajola ko poltree pheed ke roop mein bhee istemaal kiya ja sakata hai aur har ajola machhalee ke lie bhee ek achchha aahaar hai| ise jaivik khaad, machchhar se bachaane vaalee kreem, salaad taiyaar karane aur sabase badhakar baayo-skvenjar ke roop mein istemaal kiya ja sakata hai kyonki yah sabhee bhaaree dhaatuon ko hata deta hai.
Ajola mein proteen (25%-35%), kailshiyam (67
mileegraam/100 graam) aur lauh (7.3 milee graam/ 100 graam) bahutaayat mein
paaya jaata hai| ajola aur any chaare ke poshak tatvon ka tulanaatmak
vishleshan nimnalikhit taalika mein diya jaata hai.
No.
|
Mad
|
Baayomaas
ka vaarshik utpaadan (mitrik tan/ hekteyar)
|
Shushk
padaarth (mitrik tan/hekteyar)
|
Proteen (%)
|
1.
|
Hybrid nepiyar
|
250
|
50
|
4
|
2.
|
Kolaakatato ghaas
|
40
|
8
|
0.8
|
3.
|
Lyukraine
|
80
|
16
|
3.2
|
4.
|
Kooopee
|
35
|
7
|
1.4
|
5.
|
Subaabul
|
80
|
16
|
3.2
|
6.
|
Soragham
|
40
|
3.2
|
0.6
|
7.
|
Ajola
|
1000
|
80
|
24
|
Har 60 dino ke baad, ajola kyaaree se puraanee mittee hata
dee jaatee aur 15 kilo naee upajaoo mittee daalee jaatee hai taaki kyaaree mein
naitrojan nirmaan se bacha ja sake aur ajola ko poshak tatv upalabdh hote rahe|
mittee aur paanee nikaalane ke baad, kam se kam chhah maheene mein ek baar
pooree prakriya ko nae sire se doharaate hue ajola kee khetee kee jaanee
chaahie.
Saavadhaaniyaan
- Achchhee upaj ke lie sankraman se mukt vaataavaran ka rakhana aavashyak hai|
- Jyaada bheedabhaad se bachane ke lie ajola ko niyamit roop se kaatana chaahie|
- Achchhee vrddhi ke lie taapamaan mahatvapoorn kaarak hai| lagabhag 35 digree selsiyas taapamaan hona chaahie| thande kshetron mein thande mausam ke prabhaav ko kam karane ke lie, chaara kyaaree ko plaastik kee sheet se dhak dena chaahie|
- Seedhee aur paryaapt sooraj kee roshanee vaale sthaan ko praathamikata dee jaanee chaahie| chhaaya vaalee jagah mein paidaavaar kam hotee hai|
- Maadhyam ka peeech 5.5 ke beech 7 hona chaahie|
- Upayukt poshak tatv jaise gobar ka ghol, sookshm poshak tatv aavashyakataanusaar daalate rahane chaahie.
To aapko hamari ye jankari kesi lagi. Kripya niche comment me jarur bataiyega.